Optic neuropathy surgery is performed to relieve pressure on the optic nerve, which can cause vision loss or damage due to conditions like optic neuritis, tumors, or increased intracranial pressure. The procedure typically involves removing or decompressing the tissue or structures that are compressing the optic nerve, such as tumors or swollen blood vessels.

In some cases, optic nerve decompression surgery can help improve or preserve vision, especially if the surgery is performed early in the disease progression. The goal of the surgery is to reduce the pressure on the optic nerve, prevent further damage, and stabilize vision.